chapman



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

' M. T. CHAPMAN. APPARATUS FOR AND PROCESS OF SINKING WELLS.

' No. 443,069. Patented Dec. 16,1890.

:VAW/A sweeteners A s stants-mi ten? s men A?in unsen-Rims PRocjE ss "or JSIYNI wsLLs,

spe im PM et e swe. ewes, We p -er 68 T ingWVells, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the'accon' gam nying drawings, in which-'- 4 7 showing the tubing, the core cut by the tool,

' a'ndthe headfor connecting the apparatus with the hoisting-rope and connecting a wa;

, ter-supplyhose or-tnbe';"Fig.'2,a detail, being 1.5 an elevation of. the Walt or tube, partly in I section,and showing the'tool in the earth; Fig.

'' 3, an elevationofi the eonnecting-headshowing the locking devicesyFig; 4, a detail of the loekingsdisk fortheconnecting-head. Fig.

is a sectional'detail view illustrating a mode of forming an impervious wall of cia'y or other material around the well-tubing during the operation 0t sinking a well througha sandy or porous stratum. V

This invention relates toan apparatus to be used for sinking a pipe-welhandembraccs in its features of: construction andoperation a cutting-tool secured to the lower end of the tubing or piping; s'othafs' a driiiingrrod is fornied therehy, an improved conneoting head between the piping or tubing and the hoisting-rope, an improved arrangement by which a core is cut and left in the tube for use in filling spots of sand or gravel throughlwhioh 3 5 the water used in sinking will percolate and flow away, thereby stopping the snccessfnl I operation ofthe tool, and a general mprovement in the devices and operations of sinking tube-wells means ofcutters and an? inflow 4c of wateeto heeprthe cutters free andiciear,

- ahdaiso clearing the hole cut; so as'teleave a'iree'p'assageitorthe tubing; andiis nature a consists in the sever aieparts and combinations. otparts -hereinat'terg descrihed andpolnted ontiin theniaimsasnew.

-. i the drawings, A =representsthe more,

whichi's cutonthytheeetion at the cutter:

B isQtheontter, made of 'gteeian dzprovided on its a'c'tingz eniia'with a series of teieth-of the so form shown orotheirfornn'thatsirill cut the "Figure 1 is an elevation, parti yjiq, sect ion,

semis. 239.249. ha sh 15h 1 soil as otherjmaterial throhghlwhioh the well is sunk'. "This cutter is screw-threaded, so as tobesecured to'the lower end of the first section of the tubing or piping and has a cutting diameter somewhat'iargerthan the 5 5;- diameter of the tubef-or pipe with which it is used, so as to. leave afree passage forthe tube p n O are-the sections of thetuhing or piping.

I) is a tube screw-threaded at one end' to, 6o enter the conplin g 0' which iconnects with the pipe-section Oand forms a continuous tube of the pipe-sections Cfand tube 1). V

E is-a head upon the upper en'dof the tube D, and, as shown, this head has at its periph- 6 5 cry an. overhanging lipa, inside of which is a groove b, having an inciined faceto correspond with the inclined "faces of theanti- 'friction'roilers o, and-these anti-frietion rollers runiina groove d; formed in the bottom e of the openingof the sheiiin vhich the head E is located. The tubeD and head 1E fort -in edeet a swivel, and the anti-friction rollers c are for the purpose of overcoming the frie tion of the devices in use, so as to ie'ave the tubing or casing, with which it is connected, free to be revolved.

opening F for the head E. 1

Gis a plug having an exterior screw-thread to enter'the screw-threaded opening in the coupling Rand this plug has; a'hollow exten sion G, the wall of which is provided with holes'through which water can pass to enter- 7 the tube D, and thisextension G is of a length to 'enter the opening, F, with its end in close proximity to the end ofithe head E toholdit on the anti fri'ction roliersand prevent its heing thrownjnp the operation. otLthef dQViGBS. v v E 3 3 131 90 H s a tch; made if a. tti-n 0t h neee or other snitahlefniateriai and attachedfto 5 the s a th h l-Enema a h ssf n L- jecting outfro'zntheientehsionfoi th F is a coupling or sheli'having aninterhr by snitahie screws 1a a. r li s iii thawin n Wei-sh er..- r Tot notches ,t"tnfreeeivethe-endotthe catehI-I and thisd-i'sit he; a Yserew-threaded thiinhie I", which enters a screwthreaded opening the extensioiiif'ofthesheii Rand, as shown; too.

. piping or casing G, andthis flow into and mechanism isv operatediu-raising and'lower- "tion.- l

J is a pipe screw-threaded intoa boss j on.

in order to make a water-tight joint between the thimble and shell F a packing is is inserted at the end of the thimble 'and'around the tube D.

The plug G'has formed therewith an eye g for the attachment of the rope by which the ing by a suitable derrick and rope, the derlrick not being shown, as'it maybe of anyofthe usual and well-known forms of construc the shell-F, and connected with the chamber Fv and with a hose or other pipetleading to a water-supply for supplying the water-to be used in cutting the hole by the cutter B.-

coupling 0, and the pipe J has connected.

v The catch H locks the plate I, which, in connection with the thimble 1, forms a-stuflingt boxagainst withdrawal from the rotation of the tube D, and between the cap of .the plug G and the abutting end of the shell E suitable packing isto be provided, so thatthe thilnble I will bewater-tight, insuring the flow of the water into the tubular extension G, and thence into the tube D and down the through the tube 0 will cause an outflow at the bottom through the serrations of the'cutter 13 and pass .up outside of thetubing or casing and carry with it the cuttings.

The operation isas follows:- The first length oftubing or casing, with the cutter B thereto attached, is inserted in a suitable mechanism, by which it can be rotated, and its upper end is connected with the swiveltube D by the and as the water supplied through the tube J 1s at a higher head thanthesurface of the earth,or undei the pressureof aforce-pum p or other power, such water will pass up outside of-the tubing" or casing, carrying with it the material forced out by the inflow, leaving a clear opening for the passagelof the tubing or casing; The path or opening cut by the tool B wlll pass through the ditferent strata of the earth. and in its courseis liable to meet with sand or gravel, through which the water will percolate, and such a stratum when reached will be indicated by the waterceasing -'to outflow on the outside of the tubing or casing; and in a case like this'the tubing or casing is i to be. raised a few ti-incs,which will allow the clay and other close earthy substances, of Y which asufiiclent quantity will usually be found inthe core, to down and out and -form a wall'arounil' the tubing or casing at the point where the 'waterpercolates, through,

which wall the water cannot pass, and will again riseand-ilow out at the top of the ground; and such wall, impervious to water,

can. be formed wherever a stratum of sand or I gravel through which water-will pereolate is met, and this without removing the tubing or casing fromthehole. The-core itself'will ordinarily furnish enough clay and other close earthy material for forming a wall impe'rvi j o'us to water in a stratum of "sand or gravel; but'in case there should not be enough masuitable material can be inserted in the tubingor casing at the top, to be carried down by the water and pass out at the cutter-head and form awall, as shown in'Fig. 5, the tubing or casing being'raised to allow the material to escape and force it into the bed of sand or gravel. The water stratum when reached .terial in the core to form a wall clay or other 7 1 will be indicated by the water rising above v the surface and coming up with the overflow, as with this mode of forming a well there is a perfecthole made, into which the tube fitsloosely, making a good conduitfor'the water,

and a furtherindication that water has .been

reached will bevdisclosed bythe material that escapes with the overflow, as when gravel or sand is reached it will-come out with the overflow, and if. no clayey matter ismixed therewith, it, with'the water indication will show that water has. been reached, and in the event of reaching water without a sutiicient amount of sand or gravel for filtering purposes a quan:

tity sufficient for the water to be filtered can be supplied by filling the tubing or casing with gravel or other material-such as broken shells, stones, bricks, charcoal, or other materiah-to press down and form a bed, through which water .will percolate and be filtered.

It sometimes occurs thatbeds of water are foundin clayey material through which a well.

could-not be formed, and in such a case, by the use of the means hereinbefore described v and shown in thedrawings, abed of gravel or sand for the water to pass through can be formed .by allowing cleani gravel or sand or other material that will form a bed to pass dewhthrough the tubing or casing and out at the bottom and raising the tubing as in forming a clay wall.- Thiswill form-a tube of gravel or sand or other filtering material that will convey water through i and suchwater will rise tea point where a pump can reach it, or if the head of the supply is sutii-' ciently high the water will flow of its own accord. -The wall,'at a stratum of sand or gravel in sinking the well, can be formedby the clay or other close earthymaterial in thecore itself,

.or by inserting clay in the tubing or .casing to pass down and ou or' by inserting other matcrlal'such asgumbo', bran, rice, grain, or

other flexible and adhesive material that will fill the-porous sand .or gravel and pack or cement itself together to produce awall' impervious to water, and in places'wherc the soil cement and revolving the 4 slowly and forcing the water gently down so I 443,069 p s is suitable a wall can be made by inserting tubing or casing that its current willnot-wash the cement v away, and in forming a Wall of clay or other material the water is to be graded as to pressure and flow so that it will act and pack the material firmly and also furnish the means of reducing the material to a proper condition to be packed. The pressure of the water will furnish a resistance by which .the caving in of the wall will be prevented.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-- a 1. The cutter B and tubing or casing C, in combination with the swivel-connections D E, anti-friction rollers e, shell F,-plug G, having the perforated tubular extension G, and watext-supply J, for sinking a well and forming a core in the tubing, or casing, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

2. The process of boring and sinking a well through porous strata, which consists in rotating a tubular well-casing having on its lower end a cutter that leaves the end of the tubular casing open and conveying through said tubular casing a stream of water and a quantity of plastic material, whereby the core formed in the casing will be Washed out and an impervious wall be formed around the-ex terior of the casing to constitute a conduit along the outside of said casing for the flow of Water and cuttings to the surface, substantially as described. I

- MATTHEW T. CHAPMAN.

Witnesses:

O. W. BOND, HARRY T. JONES. 

